The University of Melbourne Archives' collection of papers of medical academics is of great significance. This extensive collection reflects the role played by the University's Medical School in the research and development of medicine on an international scale.

Collection highlights include the papers of Nobel laureate Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, former Vice-Chancellors Sir James Barrett and Sir George Paton Whitecross, former Dean William Alexander Osborne, Professor of Pathology Sir Peter MacCallum and former Director of the Peter MacCallum Clinic and Professor of Physiology Roy Douglas Wright.

The papers of Harry Brookes Allen and the Department of Pathology (both listed below under Harry Brookes Allen) contain correspondence with hospitals regarding anatomical specimens for teaching purposes, as well as catalogues of specimens and Brookes' own descriptions. This material compliments the holdings of the Harry Brookes Allen Museum in the University's Department of Pathology.

• Robert Marshall Allan
• Harry Brookes Allen
• James William Barrett
• Anthony Colling Brownless
• Frank Macfarlane Burnet
• David Gordon Christie
• Leonard Bell Cox
• David John Dewhurst
• Diana Joan Dyason
• George Britton Halford
• Basil Kilvington
• Edgar Samual John King
• Robert RH Lovell
• Peter MacCallum
• Gordon Clunes McKay Mathison
• Felix Henry Meyer and family
• William Alexander Osborne
• George Whitecross Paton
• David Geoffrey Penington
• John William Perry
• Una Beatrice Porter
• Vera Scantlebury Brown
• Sydney Sunderland
• Lance Townsend
• Alfred Edward Rowden White
• Roy Douglas Wright